Types -
1. Atrial septal defect (ASD): A hole in the wall between the upper chambers of the heart.
2. Ventricular septal defect (VSD): A hole in the wall between the lower chambers of the heart.
3. Tetralogy of Fallot: A combination of four heart defects.
4. Transposition of the great arteries: The two main arteries that carry blood out of the heart are reversed.
Symptoms -
1. Cyanosis: Bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor oxygenation.
2. Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing.
3. Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak.
4. Poor feeding: Infants may have difficulty feeding or fail to gain weight.
Diagnosis -
1. Prenatal ultrasound: Some heart defects can be detected during pregnancy.
2. Physical examination: A healthcare provider may detect abnormal heart sounds or murmurs.
3. Echocardiogram: An ultrasound test that creates images of the heart.
Treatment -
1. Surgery: Surgical repair or catheter-based procedures may be necessary.
2. Medications: Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms or prevent complications.
3. Monitoring: Regular follow-up with a cardiologist is essential.
Management -
1. Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise.
2. Regular check-ups: Regular monitoring and follow-up with a cardiologist.
Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance.