What is CLL?
CLL is a slow-growing cancer that starts in the B cells, a type of white blood cell that helps fight infection. In CLL, the B cells become abnormal and accumulate in the blood and bone marrow.
Symptoms
1. Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak.
2. Swollen lymph nodes: Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin.
3. Infections: Frequent infections due to impaired immune function.
4. Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss.
Diagnosis
1. Blood tests: A complete blood count (CBC) and flow cytometry can help diagnose CLL.
2. Bone marrow biopsy: A bone marrow biopsy can confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of disease.
Treatment
1. Watchful waiting: Monitoring the disease without immediate treatment.
2. Chemotherapy: Targeted therapies, such as rituximab, and chemotherapy agents like fludarabine.
3. Immunotherapy: Medications that stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells.
Prognosis
The prognosis for CLL varies depending on the stage and genetic characteristics of the disease. With proper treatment, many people with CLL can manage the disease and live for many years.