Angina Pectoris is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle (myocardium) does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood.
Types:
1. Stable Angina: predictable, triggered by exertion or stress
2. Unstable Angina: sudden, unpredictable, may signal a heart attack
3. Variant Angina: caused by coronary artery spasm
4. Microvascular Angina: caused by small vessel disease
Causes:
1. Coronary Artery Disease (narrowing or blockage of arteries)
2. Heart Valve Problems
3. Heart Failure
4. Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease)
5. Anemia or low blood pressure
Symptoms:
1. Chest pain or discomfort (pressure, squeezing, or tightness)
2. Pain or discomfort in arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach
3. Shortness of breath
4. Fatigue
5. Dizziness or lightheadedness
Diagnosis:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
2. Stress Test (exercise or pharmacological)
3. Echocardiogram
4. Coronary Angiography
5. Blood Tests (e.g., troponin, creatine kinase)
Treatment:
1. Medications (e.g., nitrates, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors)
2. Lifestyle Changes (e.g., exercise, diet, stress management)
3. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
4. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
5. Cardiac Rehabilitation
Complications:
1. Heart Attack (myocardial infarction)
2. Heart Failure
3. Arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms
4. Cardiac Arrest
5. Death
This article is for information purpose only. Please consult your doctor for the treatment