Angina and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) are related conditions that occur when the heart muscle (myocardium) does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood.
Angina:
- A type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood.
- Usually predictable and triggered by exertion or stress.
- Typically relieved by rest or medication.
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS):
- A sudden and severe blockage of a coronary artery, which can lead to a heart attack.
- Includes conditions such as:
- Unstable angina
- Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
- ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
Causes:
1. Coronary artery disease (narrowing or blockage of arteries)
2. Blood clots
3. Platelet activation
4. Inflammation
Symptoms:
1. Chest pain or discomfort (pressure, squeezing, or tightness)
2. Pain or discomfort in arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach
3. Shortness of breath
4. Fatigue
5. Dizziness or lightheadedness
6. Nausea or vomiting
Diagnosis:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
2. Troponin blood test
3. Creatine kinase blood test
4. Echocardiogram
5. Coronary angiography
Treatment:
1. Medications (e.g., nitrates, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors)
2. Antiplatelet therapy (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel)
3. Anticoagulation therapy (e.g., heparin)
4. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
5. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
Complications:
1. Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
2. Heart failure
3. Arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms
4. Cardiac arrest
5. Death
This article is for information purpose only. Please consult your doctor for the treatment