Angina

Angina is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle (myocardium) does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood.

Types:

1. Stable angina (predictable, triggered by exertion)

2. Unstable angina (sudden, unpredictable, may signal a heart attack)

3. Variant angina (caused by coronary artery spasm)

4. Microvascular angina (caused by small vessel disease)

Causes:

1. Coronary artery disease (narrowing or blockage of arteries)

2. Heart valve problems

3. Heart failure

4. Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease)

5. Anemia or low blood pressure

Symptoms:

1. Chest pain or discomfort (pressure, squeezing, or tightness)

2. Pain or discomfort in arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach

3. Shortness of breath

4. Fatigue

5. Dizziness or lightheadedness

Diagnosis:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

2. Stress test (exercise or pharmacological)

3. Echocardiogram

4. Coronary angiography

5. Blood tests (e.g., troponin, creatine kinase)

Treatment:

1. Medications (e.g., nitrates, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors)

2. Lifestyle changes (e.g., exercise, diet, stress management)

3. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

4. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

5. Cardiac rehabilitation

Complications:

1. Heart attack (myocardial infarction)

2. Heart failure

3. Arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms

4. Cardiac arrest

5. Death

This article is for information purpose only. Please consult your doctor for the treatment