Anal and Rectal Cancer are types of cancer that affect the anus and rectum, respectively.
Types:
1. Anal Cancer: Rare, affecting the anal canal.
2. Rectal Cancer: More common, affecting the rectum.
Causes and Risk Factors:
1. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
2. Smoking
3. HIV/AIDS
4. Age (increased risk after 50)
5. Family history
6. Inflammatory bowel disease
Symptoms:
1. Rectal bleeding
2. Pain or discomfort during bowel movements
3. Narrowing of stool
4. Abdominal pain
5. Weight loss
Diagnosis:
1. Physical exam
2. Digital rectal exam (DRE)
3. Colonoscopy
4. Biopsy
5. Imaging tests (CT, MRI, PET)
Treatment:
1. Surgery (abdominoperineal resection, APR)
2. Radiation therapy
3. Chemotherapy
4. Combined modality therapy (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy)
Prognosis:
Depends on the stage and location of the cancer. Early detection and treatment improve outcomes.
This article is for information purpose only. Please consult your doctor for the treatment.