Amyloidosis is a group of rare diseases characterized by the accumulation of abnormal proteins (amyloid) in various organs and tissues.
Types:
1. Primary Amyloidosis (AL): Associated with plasma cell dyscrasias, such as multiple myeloma.
2. Secondary Amyloidosis (AA): Occurs in response to chronic inflammation or infection.
3. Hereditary Amyloidosis (ATTR): Caused by genetic mutations affecting the transthyretin protein.
4. Wild-Type Amyloidosis (WT): A rare, non-hereditary form of ATTR amyloidosis.
Symptoms:
1. Fatigue
2. Weight loss
3. Swelling in hands and feet
4. Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
5. Shortness of breath
6. Abnormal heart rhythms
Diagnosis:
1. Biopsy: Tissue sample analysis for amyloid deposits.
2. Imaging tests: Echocardiogram, MRI, or CT scans to evaluate organ damage.
3. Lab tests: Blood and urine tests to detect abnormal proteins.
Treatment:
1. Chemotherapy: For AL amyloidosis.
2. Targeted therapies: For ATTR amyloidosis.
3. Supportive care: Management of symptoms and organ dysfunction.
4. Stem cell transplantation: For some cases of AL amyloidosis.
Prognosis:
The prognosis varies depending on the type and severity of amyloidosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes.
This article is for information purpose only. Please consult your doctor for the treatment.