Alzheimer's Disease Without Neurofibrillary Tangles (AD-WNT) is a rare variant of Alzheimer's disease characterized by:
Characteristics
1. Absence of neurofibrillary tangles: Unlike typical Alzheimer's disease, AD-WNT lacks neurofibrillary tangles, a hallmark of the disease.
2. Presence of amyloid plaques: AD-WNT still features amyloid plaques, another characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
3. Similar cognitive decline: Patients with AD-WNT experience similar cognitive decline and dementia as those with typical Alzheimer's disease.
Causes and Risk Factors
1. Genetic mutations: AD-WNT has been linked to mutations in the APP gene.
2. Family history: Some cases of AD-WNT have been reported in families with a history of Alzheimer's disease.
Symptoms
1. Memory loss: Difficulty learning new information or recalling familiar words and names.
2. Cognitive decline: Difficulty with problem-solving, judgment, and decision-making.
3. Mood changes: Depression, anxiety, or agitation.
Diagnosis
1. Medical history: Evaluating medical history, symptoms, and cognitive function.
2. Neuropsychological tests: Assessing cognitive function and memory.
3. Imaging tests: MRI or CT scans to rule out other causes of symptoms.
4. Autopsy: Confirmation of AD-WNT diagnosis typically requires autopsy and examination of brain tissue.
Treatment and Management
1. Medications: Cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, or combination therapy.
2. Lifestyle modifications: Regular exercise, social engagement, and cognitive stimulation.
3. Caregiver support: Education, counseling, and support for caregivers.
Prognosis
The prognosis for AD-WNT is similar to that of typical Alzheimer's disease, with a gradual decline in cognitive function and eventual dementia.
This article is for information purpose only. Please consult your doctor for the treatment.