Alzheimer's Disease with Late-Onset (LOAD) refers to Alzheimer's disease that develops after age 65.
Characteristics:
1. Most common form: Accounts for 90-95% of all Alzheimer's cases.
2. Complex etiology: Involves multiple genetic and environmental factors.
3. Gradual progression: Symptoms worsen over time, with an average duration of 8-10 years.
Causes and Risk Factors:
1. Age: Risk increases with age, especially after 65.
2. Family history: Having a first-degree relative with Alzheimer's.
3. Genetics: Presence of APOE ε4 allele.
4. Cardiovascular disease: High blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
5. Lifestyle factors: Sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and social isolation.
Symptoms:
1. Memory loss: Difficulty learning new information or recalling familiar words and names.
2. Cognitive decline: Difficulty with problem-solving, judgment, and decision-making.
3. Mood changes: Depression, anxiety, or agitation.
4. Personality changes: Withdrawal, apathy, or suspiciousness.
Diagnosis:
1. Medical history: Evaluating medical history, symptoms, and cognitive function.
2. Neuropsychological tests: Assessing cognitive function and memory.
3. Imaging tests: MRI or CT scans to rule out other causes of symptoms.
Treatment and Management:
1. Medications: Cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, or combination therapy.
2. Lifestyle modifications: Regular exercise, social engagement, and cognitive stimulation.
3. Caregiver support: Education, counseling, and support for caregivers.
Prognosis:
LOAD typically progresses gradually over 8-10 years, with an average survival time of 4-6 years after diagnosis.
This article is for information purpose only. Please consult your doctor for the treatment.