Alzheimer's Disease with Early-Onset (EOAD) refers to Alzheimer's disease that develops before age 65.
Characteristics:
1. Familial: Often inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning a single copy of the mutated gene is enough to cause the disease.
2. Genetic mutations: Typically caused by mutations in one of three genes: APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2.
3. Rapid progression: Symptoms often progress faster than in late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
4. Unusual symptoms: May include seizures, muscle weakness, or other unusual symptoms.
Causes and Risk Factors:
1. Genetic mutations: Mutations in APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2 genes.
2. Family history: Having a first-degree relative with EOAD.
3. Down syndrome: Individuals with Down syndrome are at increased risk.
Symptoms:
1. Memory loss: Difficulty learning new information or recalling familiar words and names.
2. Cognitive decline: Difficulty with problem-solving, judgment, and decision-making.
3. Mood changes: Depression, anxiety, or agitation.
4. Personality changes: Withdrawal, apathy, or suspiciousness.
Diagnosis:
1. Medical history: Evaluating family history, medical history, and symptoms.
2. Genetic testing: Testing for genetic mutations in APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2 genes.
3. Neuropsychological tests: Assessing cognitive function and memory.
4. Imaging tests: MRI or CT scans to rule out other causes of symptoms.
Treatment and Management:
1. Medications: Cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, or combination therapy.
2. Lifestyle modifications: Regular exercise, social engagement, and cognitive stimulation.
3. Caregiver support: Education, counseling, and support for caregivers.
Prognosis:
EOAD typically progresses faster than late-onset Alzheimer's disease, with an average survival time of 8-10 years after symptom onset.
This article is for information purpose only. Please consult your doctor for the treatment.